Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Guangjun Wen ¹, Weirong Bai ¹, Zhongshi Hao ¹, Wei Xu ¹, Huyin Huai ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, CN

Abstract

The ecotoxicological effects of aniline on Lemna minor have been evaluated based on both morphological and physiological responses in this paper. The results showed a significant inhibition to frond number and area, growth index, and biomass of L. minor. The contents of both chlorophyll a and b went down significantly after exposure to aniline. Aniline shows an acute toxic effect on the vegetative growth of L. minor and the effect is correlated with its concentration. Aniline might impact the growth of L. minor through destroying its photosynthesis. The activities of CAT, POD and SOD shown different responses to aniline at different times, but higher concentration of aniline and persistence would be more harmful to L. minor according to the changes of the activities of antioxidant enzymes. L. minor could be used as an indicator to monitor the existence of aniline in water bodies.

Keywords

Lemna minor, Aniline, Cotoxicological Effects, Physiological Response.

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Wenzhu Fu ¹, Weirong Bai ¹, Huyin Huai ¹, Aizhong Liu ²

Affiliations
1 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, CN
2 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming 650223, CN

Abstract

Exotic invasion is considered as the second factor influencing biodiversity after habitat lose. Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb.), a perennial herb native to the South America, has established itself on almost all the surface of the earth except Africa. In China, alligator weed has invaded most temperate regions where the environmental conditions, particularly temperature, are obviously different from its origin. How can alligator weed survive through cold winters is a critical issue for its establishment in these areas. In this research, we investigated the seasonal change of soluble sugars content (SSC), which presented important physiological reaction to cold acclimation, in different parts including buds, nodes, and internodes of alligator weed from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Results showed that accumulation of soluble sugars was regularly correlated to temperature change in environment, i.e., the highest SSC in the coldest season, and the lowest in summer. Among different parts such as nodes, buds and internodes in individuals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats, accumulation of SSC presented similar results. The accumulation of SSC and its seasonal dynamics may be a physiological acclimation to low temperature so that alligator weed could establish in these regions and survive through cold winters ecologically.

Keywords

Alligator Weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Soluble Sugar Contents, Cold Acclimation, Invasive Plant.

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Shengnan Zhu ¹, Yawen Wu ¹, Guangjun Wen ¹, Weirong Bai ¹, Zhongshi Hao ¹, Huyin Huai ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou-225009, CN

Abstract

Hexadecane is one of the main chemical compounds in Cooking Oil Fume Condensates (COFCs), which has been proved to influence the vegetative growth of Salvinia natans (L.) All. significantly. Its effects on the growth of S. natans were studied by using static toxicity testing method in this paper. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR), leaves, buds and stems of S. natans were inhibited significantly when exposed to higher concentrations. Hexadecane could accelerate the leaves of S. natans becoming yellow or decomposed. Biomass went down with the increase of hexadecane concentrations. The LC₅₀ on day 4 and day 12 after treatment were 275 mg/L and 244 mg/L, respectively. Hexadecane had no effect on the pH value and conductivity of the cultivation medium. It can be concluded that hexadecane would significantly affect the vegetative growth of S. natans., and S. natans is sensitive to hexadecane that might be useful as an indicator of hexadecane pollution in freshwater.

Keywords

COFCs, Hexadecane, Pollution, Salvinia natans, Vegetative Growth.

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Shengnan Zhu ¹, Yawen Wu ¹, Guangjun Wen ¹, Weirong Bai ¹, Zhongshi Hao ¹, Huyin Huai ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou-225009, CN

Abstract

Hexadecane is one of the main chemical compounds in Cooking Oil Fume Condensates (COFCs), which has been proved to influence the vegetative growth of Salvinia natans (L.) All. significantly. Its effects on the growth of S. natans were studied by using static toxicity testing method in this paper. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR), leaves, buds and stems of S. natans were inhibited significantly when exposed to higher concentrations. Hexadecane could accelerate the leaves of S. natans becoming yellow or decomposed. Biomass went down with the increase of hexadecane concentrations. The LC₅₀ on day 4 and day 12 after treatment were 275 mg/L and 244 mg/L, respectively. Hexadecane had no effect on the pH value and conductivity of the cultivation medium. It can be concluded that hexadecane would significantly affect the vegetative growth of S. natans., and S. natans is sensitive to hexadecane that might be useful as an indicator of hexadecane pollution in freshwater.

Keywords

COFCs, Hexadecane, Pollution, Salvinia natans, Vegetative Growth.

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Yawen Wu ¹, Shengnan Zhu ¹, Weirong Bai ¹, Guangjun Wen ¹, Wei Xu ¹, Huyin Huai ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou-225 009, CN

Abstract

There is growing concern about the impact of cooking oil fume condensates (COFCs) on the environment, including on the growth of plants. COFCs contain a wide range of chemical constituents which are closely related to the temperature of cooking oil. Among these components, hydrocarbons are believed to be among the most toxic. Dodecane is one of the principal hydrocarbons implicated. The paper deals with the experiments carried out in laboratory to clarify the toxic effects of COFCs, adding various amounts of dodecane to aquatic solutions in dishes containing the floating aquatic plant Salvinia natans. Inhibitory effects on the vegetative growth of S. natans, i.e. on the development of leaves and buds are reported in the experiments. The production of new leaves is significantly inhibited. The percent inhibition of growth rate (%) in the number of leaves produced is significantly correlated with the concentration of dodecane. LC₅₀ values on day 4 and day 16 after treatment are 190 mg/L and 181 mg/L respectively. Dodecane has no effect on the pH values of test solutions. It is concluded that dodecane has significant effects on the vegetative growth of aquatic plants. S. natans is sensitive to dodecane and might be useful as an indicator of dodecane and thus COFCs pollution.

Keywords

COFCs, Dodecane, Salvinia natans, Aquatic ecosystem, Pollution.

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